Linux Virtual Memory Space
x86_64 4 Page Level Mapping, Linux v6.9 taken from here
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| ========================================================================================================================
Start addr | Offset | End addr | Size | VM area description
========================================================================================================================
| | | |
0000000000000000 | 0 | 00007fffffffffff | 128 TB | user-space virtual memory, different per mm
__________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
| | | |
0000800000000000 | +128 TB | ffff7fffffffffff | ~16M TB | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical
| | | | virtual memory addresses up to the -128 TB
| | | | starting offset of kernel mappings.
__________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
|
| Kernel-space virtual memory, shared between all processes:
____________________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
| | | |
ffff800000000000 | -128 TB | ffff87ffffffffff | 8 TB | ... guard hole, also reserved for hypervisor
ffff880000000000 | -120 TB | ffff887fffffffff | 0.5 TB | LDT remap for PTI
ffff888000000000 | -119.5 TB | ffffc87fffffffff | 64 TB | direct mapping of all physical memory (page_offset_base)
ffffc88000000000 | -55.5 TB | ffffc8ffffffffff | 0.5 TB | ... unused hole
ffffc90000000000 | -55 TB | ffffe8ffffffffff | 32 TB | vmalloc/ioremap space (vmalloc_base)
ffffe90000000000 | -23 TB | ffffe9ffffffffff | 1 TB | ... unused hole
ffffea0000000000 | -22 TB | ffffeaffffffffff | 1 TB | virtual memory map (vmemmap_base)
ffffeb0000000000 | -21 TB | ffffebffffffffff | 1 TB | ... unused hole
ffffec0000000000 | -20 TB | fffffbffffffffff | 16 TB | KASAN shadow memory
__________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
|
| Identical layout to the 56-bit one from here on:
____________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________________
| | | |
fffffc0000000000 | -4 TB | fffffdffffffffff | 2 TB | ... unused hole
| | | | vaddr_end for KASLR
fffffe0000000000 | -2 TB | fffffe7fffffffff | 0.5 TB | cpu_entry_area mapping
fffffe8000000000 | -1.5 TB | fffffeffffffffff | 0.5 TB | ... unused hole
ffffff0000000000 | -1 TB | ffffff7fffffffff | 0.5 TB | %esp fixup stacks
ffffff8000000000 | -512 GB | ffffffeeffffffff | 444 GB | ... unused hole
ffffffef00000000 | -68 GB | fffffffeffffffff | 64 GB | EFI region mapping space
ffffffff00000000 | -4 GB | ffffffff7fffffff | 2 GB | ... unused hole
ffffffff80000000 | -2 GB | ffffffff9fffffff | 512 MB | kernel text mapping, mapped to physical address 0
ffffffff80000000 |-2048 MB | | |
ffffffffa0000000 |-1536 MB | fffffffffeffffff | 1520 MB | module mapping space
ffffffffff000000 | -16 MB | | |
FIXADDR_START | ~-11 MB | ffffffffff5fffff | ~0.5 MB | kernel-internal fixmap range, variable size and offset
ffffffffff600000 | -10 MB | ffffffffff600fff | 4 kB | legacy vsyscall ABI
ffffffffffe00000 | -2 MB | ffffffffffffffff | 2 MB | ... unused hole
__________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
|
Negative addresses such as β-23 TBβ are absolute addresses in bytes, counted
down from the top of the 64-bit address space. Itβs easier to understand the
layout when seen both in absolute addresses and in distance-from-top notation.
For example 0xffffe90000000000 == -23 TB, itβs 23 TB lower than the top of the
64-bit address space (ffffffffffffffff).